Legal & Ownership — Spain
Nota simple, suelo rústico, LPO, and the NIE — the essential legal framework for buying in Spain.
Updated February 2026
Spain
Spain places no nationality-based restrictions on property ownership. EU citizens, UK nationals, Americans, and buyers from all countries may purchase residential, rural, or commercial property freely.
NIE — Número de Identificación de Extranjero
Every foreign buyer must obtain a NIE before signing any notarised document or paying taxes. The NIE is your Spanish tax identification number and is required for:
- Signing the escritura (notarised deed)
- Opening a Spanish bank account
- Paying ITP transfer tax
- Obtaining a mortgage
- Registering utilities
NIEs can be obtained at a Spanish consulate in your home country or at a Comisaría de Policía (Police station) in Spain. Processing typically takes 2–8 weeks if done outside Spain.
Financing for non-residents
Spanish banks lend to non-residents. LTV limits are typically 60–70% for non-residents vs 80% for Spanish residents. EU buyers may access slightly more favourable terms.
Golden Visa
Spain's property Golden Visa (€500,000+ investment) was abolished in April 2025. Non-EU buyers purchasing below this threshold do not obtain automatic residency rights through property ownership.
Based on Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Agencia Tributaria
Last reviewed: Feb 2026